I suspect that, as with all digital audio devices, the sound quality of the Chromecast Audio will be improved by providing it with a clean power supply.
So I've got an RPi (running Moode) which plays through a Beresford SEG DAC. The RPi is powered via a Chinese Linear PSU and SBooster to provide it with a clean power supply, which, to my ears, has improved its sound significantly.
My Chromecast Audio is also connected through the DAC, and I changed its power supply from the standard plug and connector that it comes with, and instead am powering it from a USB port on the RPi.
The Chromecast Audio certainly sounds impressive through my set-up, but I haven't yet done any direct comparisons of, say, Radio 3 HD via the RPi/Moode versus Tune-in Radio/Chromecast Audio.
So a question to the group - if the power supply to the RPi is clean, is it reasonable to assume that the power it onwardly supplies via one of its USB ports will also be clean, and cleaner than that supplied by the Chromecast wall-wart? I guess the only way to tell would be to put an oscilloscope on it, but I don't have one :-)
Bit-perfect Streaming: Raspberry Pi 2 & HiFiBerry Digi+ & MoodeAudio; DAC: Beresford Caiman SEG; Power Amp: Naim NAP 100; Speakers: PMC TB2i
Recording: Mics: 2 X DPA 2011C, 2 X Line Audio OM1, 2 X Line Audio CM3, 2 X Calrec CM652D, iSK SM168, 2 X Behringer C4; Recorder: Zoom F8; Zoom H4N; Interfaces/Mixers: Sound Devices USBPre-2, Behringer Xenyx 802, Monitors: KRK Rokit 6